This report analyses the hydrogen research and innovation (R&I) roadmaps of five major international organisations — IEA, IRENA, IPHE, Mission Innovation and UNIDO — with the aim of identifying convergences, divergences and emerging strategic directions at the global level.
From the comparative analysis one key finding emerges: across the five organisations considered, hydrogen is no longer primarily a technological challenge. It has evolved into a systemic transition challenge, where market design, governance, infrastructure and international cooperation are equally decisive alongside technological innovation.